Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and AFP-L3

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Alpha-fetoprotein is a protein produced during fetal development that usually decreases rapidly after birth. AFP detection is mainly used for screening and monitoring of hepatocellular carcinoma. AFP-L3, a subtype of alpha-fetoprotein, is more strongly associated with liver cancer risk. Combined detection of AFP and AFP-L3 can improve the accuracy of liver cancer screening.

 

Amylase

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Amylase is an enzyme mainly secreted by the pancreas and salivary glands and involved in the digestion of carbohydrates. Measurement of amylase levels in the blood can be used to diagnose pancreatitis, salivary gland diseases, etc.

 

Cancer Antigen 125 (CA 125)

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Cancer antigen 125 is a protein whose expression is elevated in certain malignancies such as ovarian cancer. CA 125 detection is mainly used for ovarian cancer screening, disease monitoring and treatment evaluation. However, the level of CA 125 is not specifically increased, and may also increase in other cancers, benign diseases, or even in normal physiological conditions, so it needs to be diagnosed in combination with other examinations and clinical manifestations.

 

Cancer Antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3)

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Cancer antigen 15-3 is a protein whose expression is elevated in certain malignancies such as breast cancer. CA 15-3 detection is mainly used for disease monitoring, prognosis assessment and treatment effect evaluation of breast cancer. However, the level of CA 15-3 is not specifically elevated, and may also increase in other cancers, benign diseases, and even normal physiological conditions, so it needs to be diagnosed in combination with other examinations and clinical manifestations.

 

Cancer Antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9)

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Cancer antigen 19-9 is a protein whose expression is increased in certain malignant tumors (such as pancreatic cancer, gastric cancer, etc.). CA 19-9 detection is mainly used for pancreatic cancer screening, disease monitoring and treatment evaluation. However, the level of CA 19-9 is not specifically increased, and may also increase in other cancers, benign diseases, and even normal physiological conditions, so it needs to be diagnosed in combination with other examinations and clinical manifestations.

 

Cancer antigen 27.29 (CA 27.29)

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Cancer antigen 27.29 is similar to cancer antigen 15-3 and is mainly used for disease monitoring, prognosis evaluation and treatment effect evaluation of breast cancer. Similarly, the level of CA 27.29 is not specifically elevated, and may also be elevated in other cancers, benign diseases, and even normal physiological conditions, so it needs to be diagnosed in combination with other examinations and clinical manifestations.

 

Calcitonin

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Calciferin is a hormone secreted by thyroid C cells, whose main function is to reduce blood calcium concentration. The detection of calciferin level is mainly used for the diagnosis, disease monitoring and prognosis evaluation of medullary thyroid carcinoma (a rare type of thyroid cancer). In addition, calciferin levels may also be elevated in familial medullary thyroid carcinoma.

 

Complete blood count (CBC, including white blood cell differential and platelets)

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A complete blood count is a routine test that measures the number of red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets in the blood. CBC is important for assessing a patient's overall health, diagnosing various diseases (such as anemia, infection, blood clotting disorders, etc.), and monitoring the response to treatment for diseases. In some cancers, such as leukemia, a CBC test may show an abnormal number of blood cells.

 

Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA)

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Carcinoembryonic antigen is a protein whose expression is elevated in certain malignant tumors (such as colon cancer, rectal cancer, etc.). CEA detection is mainly used for tumor condition monitoring, prognosis assessment and treatment effect evaluation. However, the level of CEA is not specifically increased, and may also increase in other cancers, benign diseases or even normal physiological conditions, so it needs to be diagnosed in combination with other examinations and clinical manifestations.

 

Tumor marker A (Chromogranin A)

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Tumor marker A is a protein present in neuroendocrine cells, which is mainly used for diagnosis and monitoring of neuroendocrine tumors (such as small cell lung cancer, gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors, etc.). Chromogranin A levels may be elevated in patients with these tumors. However, the level of Chromogranin A is not specifically elevated and may also be elevated in other diseases or physiological states, so it needs to be diagnosed in combination with other examinations and clinical manifestations.

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DCP (Decarboxyglycine Prothrombin Precursor)

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DCP is an abnormal prothrombin precursor mainly used in the diagnosis, disease monitoring and prognosis evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). DCP levels may be elevated in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, but not specifically, and may also be elevated in other diseases or physiological states, so it needs to be diagnosed in combination with other examinations and clinical manifestations.

 

Immunochemical fecal globin test (InSure)

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InSure is a non-invasive colorectal cancer screening test that detects globin in stool. Globin is a protein produced by cells lining the lining of the digestive tract and may appear in stool when a tumor is present. If the test is positive, the patient needs further colonoscopy to confirm the diagnosis.

 

Gastrin

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Gastrin is a hormone secreted by gastrin cells whose main function is to stimulate gastric acid secretion. Measurement of gastrin levels is primarily used to diagnose gastrinoma (a neuroendocrine tumor) and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. In these disorders, gastrin levels may be elevated.

 

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG), Quantitative Detection

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hCG is a hormone secreted by placental cells, and hCG levels increase during normal pregnancy. However, some malignant tumors (such as choriocarcinoma, germ cell tumor, etc.) may also produce hCG, resulting in elevated serum hCG levels. Therefore, quantitative detection of hCG levels can be used to diagnose and monitor the condition of these tumors.

 

Lactate dehydrogenase (LD)

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Lactate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that is present in many body cells. Levels of LD may be elevated when tissue is damaged or diseased. This test is used to evaluate tissue damage, inflammation, and some tumors.

 

Total Protein and Protein Electrophoresis (Refl)

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This test is used to assess the total amount of protein in serum and to analyze the different types of proteins by protein electrophoresis. Protein electrophoresis can help diagnose certain immune system disorders, liver disease, kidney disease, and multiple myeloma, among others.

 

Free and Total Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)

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Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a protein that is primarily produced by prostate cells. This test measures the levels of free and total PSA in the blood. Elevated PSA levels may be associated with prostate conditions such as prostatitis, enlarged prostate, or prostate cancer. However, PSA detection is not absolutely specific and needs to be confirmed in combination with other tests.

 

 

Thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb)

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Thyroglobulin antibodies are autoantibodies against thyroglobulin. This test is used to evaluate autoimmune thyroid disorders such as chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (Hashimoto's disease) and hypothyroidism. Elevated TgAb levels may suggest that patients have these disorders.